New Laser System

Brain injuries and strokes can sometime require surgeons to relieve pressure on the brain by drilling burr holes through the skull using a trephine. The device is straight out of the good old days of medicine when surgical tools and torture implements were made by the same manufacturers. Yet, while even dentistry has moved on, performing burr hole craniotomies is still very much a manual cranking operation prone to causing injury and even leading to meningitis. 

Researchers at Fraunhofer Institutes for Photonic Microsystems, Laser Technology, and Integrated Circuits have developed a new laser system that may soon replace the trusty trephine with a safer, more consistent option. The system uses advanced new mirrors and a femto-second laser to allow the surgeon to guide the cutting beam and penetrate the skull without causing injury. 

Some details from Fraunhofer: 

The laser beam is fed into the hand piece through an articulated mirror arm. Its core consists of two new types of micro-mirrors that the researchers at IPMS developed. The first makes the cranial vault incision; it directs the laser beam dynamically across the cranial bones. The second adjusts any malpositioning. The special thing: The components are miniaturized, but can tolerate up to 20 watts of laser output – which is about two hundred times more than conventional micro-mirrors. These can already reach their limits at 100 milliwatts, depending on their specific design. In addition, at 5 x 7 or 6 x 8 millimeters, they are very large and thus, can also guide large diameter laser beams. By comparison: Conventional micro-mirrors measure from 1 to 3 millimeters.All the personnel that deal with our industrial washing machine servicing are dedicated to the service department. 

How did the researchers achieve this? "Whereas the silicon panel in conventional micro-mirrors is mirrored by an aluminum layer measuring a hundred nanometers thick, we applied highly-reflective electric layers to the silicon substrate," explains Sander. Therefore,Install a wind generator to harness the power of the wind. in the visible spectral range, the mirror reflects not merely 90 percent of the laser beam, like typical components, but 99.9 percent instead. Much less of the high-energy radiation penetrates into the substrate. 

That means the mirror "discerns" less of the laser beam and tolerates markedly greater power. The challenge for the researchers primarily lay in capturing this high power coating onto the silicon substrate, just a few micrometers thin, that is commonplace in microsystems technology. Because the researchers must apply several different layers – altogether a few micrometers thick – in order to achieve the desired reflective properties. However,A letter folding machine is a piece of equipment which is designed to fold paper. a certain mechanical stress prevails in each of these layers; in addition, all layers expand at different intensities at high temperature. As a result, the substrate becomes deformed – it arches. "This arching diminishes the optical quality of the mirror. We counterbalance this by applying this same coating on the reverse side of the substrate," reveals Sander. 

The CL-400's water-cooled, high-speed linear motor drives make fast work of large parts or batch processing of smaller parts, while delivering positioning accuracy of plus/minus 0.001 inch at high cutting speeds. Designed for high throughput and all-around material versatility,It enables washer extractor to communicate with chemical pumping machines. the CL-400 delivers fast positioning speeds of 12,000 ipm and up to 1-inch processing range on mild steel. 

The machine's heavy 0.75 to 1.5 inch steel plate frame provides durability,A wide range of solar lighting, LED lighting and Auto lights. stability and enhanced accuracy. The steel plate is laser cut, formed, welded, stress relieved, and precision-machined to make an extremely rigid base for all the laser's components. The separate load frame is made of 1.5 inch plate steel to withstand repetitive loading and unloading without affecting the cutting process. 

The unit's low-maintenance 4000 W resonator also has a low-speed, oil-free turbine designed specifically for laser use and a gas filtration module that continuously purifies the gases flowing through the resonator. 

The resonator has a low-speed, oil-free turbine designed specifically for laser use and a gas filtration module that continuously purifies the gases flowing through the resonator. The effectiveness of the filtration allows the laser to produce good power stability while using simple, industrial grade, non-specialized laser gases.