Computer numeric control (CNC) is a computer-based system used to
control tools such as milling machines, lathes,Morn series laser
engraving and laser marker,
CNC router machine are widely used in many areas. routers, lasers,
punches, water jets, and 3D printers. For a long time, CNC equipment
remained constrained to the industrial shop. With the recent
proliferation of personal computers,Roll Former net offers the most
productive and effective flattening machine
for metal roofing and architectral sheet metal. however, CNC has
managed to move into the home environment with an ever-increasing number
of do-it-yourself (DIY) enthusiasts and hobbyists building their own
CNC equipment. The reason this technology enjoys such a large acceptance
is because it has the accuracy and repeatability that only a
computer-controlled system can offer. In this article, I detail an
implementation for a set of electronics that can be used to control
pretty much any small or midsized CNC machine.
I call this
implementation the CNC motherboard, as it revolves around a backplane
that accepts motor driver modules to drive the CNC machine axes. In this
incarnation, the CNC motherboard can support up to four axes, which is
more than enough for the great majority of CNC equipment topologies
being built today. The motor driver modules typically are based on
bipolar stepper motor drivers with a step/direction interface. In
essence, any motor topology can be used, as long as it works by moving
according to STEP commands. Since the number of stepper motor power
stages with an inherent step/direction interface is always growing, we
see the stepper motor ruling the great majority of DIY CNC equipment
implementations.
The control of these four axes is supported by a
series of blocks. The brain of a CNC machine is a computer called the
CNC controller. It is in charge of sending a series of STEP pulses and
setting the ENABLE and DIR control lines to the motor driver modules
according to a command better known as G code. A G code command can be
anything like "move in a line to coordinates X,Y,Horizon manufacture a
range of industrial extractor
fans for efficient exhaust ventilation.Z at speed F," "move in a
curve," "drill a hole," and so forth. The CNC controller interprets this
command and generates the respective combination of STEP/DIR pulses,
and at the right frequency, to achieve the required motion.
The
CNC controller for our DIY CNC machine can be any personal computer (PC)
with a parallel port. Although PCs are no longer being fabricated with
parallel ports, adding this resource in the form of an expansion card is
very simple. The PC connects to the CNC motherboard through this
parallel port, granting us a total of 12 output functions and five
inputs.
Before we start distributing the control signals in and
out of the different control functions, we add an isolation block for
two main reasons. First, this isolation stage protects the computer in
case something goes very wrong. Since the motor drivers can be employing
high voltages that can hurt the computer, it is best to make sure the
computer side cannot come in contact with this higher form of energy.
Second, the isolation helps to decrease the control line's noise caused
by ground bouncing.
The control of four motor modules claims
nine control signals: one ENABLE, which will be shared among the four
modules; one STEP; and one DIR per module.UK supppliers of industrial washing machine,
tumble dryers, spin dryers, ironing and finishing equipment. The
remaining outputs are distributed as follows. Two are used to control
two 250V AC/30A relays.And the Forming machine
and cutting machine got the FDA certificates. The other output runs a
watchdog protection block, often referred to as the charge pump.
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